emphasizing their potential applications in plasmonic PICs. Key characteristics such as linewidth enhancement, relaxation oscillations, and relative intensity noise (RIN) are examined, along with nonlinear dynamics induced by external perturbations like optical feedback and optical injection. Experimental results reveal that hybrid plasmonic lasers exhibit greater resistance to optical feedback compared to conventional quantum well (QW) lasers, demonstrating reduced dynamic instabilities and superior feedback tolerance. This suggests they could be integrated into photonic circuits without requiring optical isolators.

Optical injection experiments show that hybrid plasmonic lasers deviate from the conventional chaotic behavior observed in semiconductor lasers, instead exhibiting sustained feedback-induced oscillations. Sensitivity tests under optical feedback further confirm their reluctance to transition into chaotic states, even under destabilizing conditions. These findings highlight the significant role of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) interactions in enhancing nonlinear effects. The resonance properties of the metal coating and underdamped relaxation oscillations in the surface plasmon waveguide contribute to the laser’s unique nonlinear behavior. With their strong resistance to optical feedback, absence of chaotic oscillations, and distinct dynamic properties, hybrid plasmonic lasers emerge as promising candidates for large-scale CMOS-compatible photonic integration, particularly in eliminating the need for bulky optical isolators in PICs.